What Is Function OR Component Testing AND Different Types?

Function Testing:
Testing of individual or independent component and verifies the functioning of independent component which is separately testable.
Ex:

Testing each component like Amount Label is displayed properly or not, Amount Text Box should allow value between 100-1000. Click on Submit button should take the input and navigate to the next page. Cancel should stay in same page. this is called function or component testing.

Positive Testing:
Testing the values with in the range given.
Ex: 101,600,800,1000

Negative Testing:
Testing with the intention of breaking the functionality of the application.
Ex: Hund, 99, 1@1, Blank, -200

Under Testing: 
Not Providing optimal inputs for testing.
Ex: Not entering values within the range 100-1000

Exhaustive Testing or Over Testing:
Testing which is something more than required limit.
Ex: 99,1001

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